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<title>Musical leaf</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Musical leaf</span></span>

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</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">Musical leaf</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"></span><div class="infobox-caption">Park Chan-beom playing the <i><b>choboek</b></i></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:">Sound sample</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left">

<div style="text-align:center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span><br>Musical playing of phlom slek, recorded in <a href="Siem_Reap" title="Siem Reap">Siem Reap</a>, <a href="Cambodia" title="Cambodia">Cambodia</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table>

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The <b>musical leaf</b> is one of any leaves used to play music on. It goes by many names, including <b>leaflute</b>, <b>leaf flute</b>, <b>leaf whistle</b>, <b>gum leaf</b>, and <b>leafophone</b>.

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<p>In Cambodia, it is called a <i><b>slek</b></i> (<a href="Khmer_language" title="Khmer language">Khmer</a>: <span lang="km">ស្លឹក</span>) and is played by country people in <a href="Cambodia" title="Cambodia">Cambodia</a>, made from the leaves of <a href="Broad-leaved_tree" title="Broad-leaved tree">broad-leaf trees</a>, including the sakrom and khnoung trees.<sup id="cite_ref-record_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-record-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-unesco_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unesco-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is also known as <span title="Khmer-language romanization"><i lang="km-Latn">phlom slek</i></span>, 'blow leaf.'<sup id="cite_ref-record_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-record-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To play a leaf, the musician curls the edge of a leaf into a semi-circle (along the leaf's long edge) and "places the arch between the lips", making sure that the leaf is touching both upper and lower lips.<sup id="cite_ref-record_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-record-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-unesco_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unesco-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The leaf vibrates in contact with them as the player blows air across it.<sup id="cite_ref-unesco_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unesco-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The player can control the <a href="Pitch_(music)" title="Pitch (music)">pitch</a> of the noise with their upper lip.<sup id="cite_ref-unesco_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unesco-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-gumlip_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gumlip-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>In South Korea, it is called a <i><b>chojeok</b></i> (<a href="Hangul" title="Hangul">Hangul</a>:초적) and it is a designated intangible cultural heritage asset.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>An instrument of country people, it has been observed being played by herders riding their water buffalo in the rice fields.<sup id="cite_ref-record_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-record-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While it is used to imitate sounds wild animals make, it can produce sustained sound, a sharp, high-pitched whistle.<sup id="cite_ref-record_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-record-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-unesco_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unesco-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Players can control the pitch and make songs, normally solo, but sometimes with other instruments.<sup id="cite_ref-record_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-record-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-gumlip_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gumlip-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Similar instruments are used in other places under different names and from the leaves of different species, such as the <a href="Gum_leaf" class="mw-redirect" title="Gum leaf">gum leaf</a> (from <a href="Eucalypt" title="Eucalypt">eucalypts</a>) in Australia, grass flutes in Japan, the <span title="Nepali (macrolanguage)-language romanization"><i lang="ne-Latn">pipirma</i></span> in Nepal, and tree leaf flute in China.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Structure_of_a_musical_leaf">Structure of a musical leaf</h2></div>

<p>"Leaf instruments occur in many music-cultures notwithstanding a sense that gumleaf sounds 'belong' to Australia. Unlike the complex leaf-derived instruments of Australia's closest neighbours in the Indian Ocean littoral and Oceania, the 'gumleaf' is composed of unmodified organic leaf matter."<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>To play a leaf, one can pluck a leaf or play it while it is still on the plant. The leaf needs to be slightly curved and placed in the mouth. However, not all leaves can produce a sound as it requires the correct rigidity, flexibility and thickness. If the leaves wilt, they lose <a href="Turgor_pressure" title="Turgor pressure">turgor pressure</a> which makes them not rigid enough to play. In Germany and Austria shepherds modified the bark of birch trees to play similarly. However, unlike leaves, they do not wilt allowing the musician to play for longer periods of time.<sup id="cite_ref-Birkenblattblasen_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Birkenblattblasen-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Range">Range</h2></div>

<p>Much like whistling, the range of a leafophone depends on the size of the players mouth and mostly playing in the higher registers. Through breathing techniques which open the throat, therefore increasing the size of the resonance chamber, one can achieve playing lower notes. Additionally using thicker leaves makes it is possible to reach lower notes that require far more air to set the leaf in vibration. If a musical piece requires low notes, often the player will raise those notes by an octave. The player can play a 2–3 octave range depending on the leaf used.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Timbre">Timbre</h2></div>

<p>Through use of a high-speed camera, one can see that the leaf moves away from the lips when the player blows and its elasticity brings it back onto the lip. This oscillating movement sets it in vibration to produce a sound. An analysis of the overtone series comparing an oboe and <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">birkenblatt</i></span> (birch leaf) playing the note F2 are nearly identical.<sup id="cite_ref-Birkenblattblasen_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Birkenblattblasen-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Variants_in_other_places">Variants in other places</h2></div>

<p>While called <span title="Khmer-language romanization"><i lang="km-Latn">slek</i></span> in Cambodia, the instrument is used in other places under different names. In China, recorded knowledge of the wood leaf (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">木叶</span></span>, <span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Mù yè</i></span>) as an instrument dates back to the <a href="Tang_dynasty" title="Tang dynasty">Tang dynasty</a>, 7th to 10th centuries A.D.<sup id="cite_ref-china_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-china-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is depicted in a sculpture at the tomb of Emperor <a href="Wang_Jian_(Former_Shu)" title="Wang Jian (Former Shu)">Wang Jian</a> of the <a href="Five_Dynasties" class="mw-redirect" title="Five Dynasties">Five Dynasties</a> in <a href="Chengdu" title="Chengdu">Chengdu</a>, Sichuan.<sup id="cite_ref-china_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-china-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In modern times, plastic has been substituted for the leaf, and the instrument has been recorded and used in movie music.<sup id="cite_ref-china_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-china-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With synthetic materials, the instrument does not wear out quickly while playing, and has a range of nearly three octaves.<sup id="cite_ref-china_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-china-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<ul><li>China, <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">樹葉笛</span></span> (<span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Shùyè dí</i></span>) tree leaf flute<sup id="cite_ref-treeleaflute_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-treeleaflute-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>

<li>China, <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">草琴</span></span> (<span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Cǎoqín</i></span>), grass piano<sup id="cite_ref-treeleaflute_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-treeleaflute-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>

<li>China, <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E5%8F%B6" class="extiw external" title="zh-tw:木叶">木叶</a> (<span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Mù yè</i></span>) wood leaves<sup id="cite_ref-treeleaflute_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-treeleaflute-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>

<li>Japan, <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">草笛</span></span>, grass flute or grass whistle<sup id="cite_ref-treeleaflute_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-treeleaflute-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>

<li>Australia, gum leaf<sup id="cite_ref-gumlip_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gumlip-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>

<li>Nepal, <a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE" class="extiw external" title="ne:पिपिरिमा">पिपिरिमा</a> (<span title="Nepali (macrolanguage)-language romanization"><i lang="ne-Latn">pipirma</i></span>)</li>

<li>Brazil, <span title="Portuguese-language text"><i lang="pt">folhinha</i></span></li>

<li>Germany and Austria, <a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birkenblattblasen" class="extiw external" title="de:Birkenblattblasen"><i>Birkenblattblasen</i></a><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>

<li>Albania and Kosovo, <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://ata.gov.al/2018/10/27/muzike-me-gjethe-e-gjeni-ne-shqiperi/?fbclid=IwAR2c5wmJ_XdfzcT274aUl2L5nZbjJm3HlCAQ-5Udfw035Qyk4Ncvj8LuFFo">[1]</a></li></ul>

<p>The Make Music festival 2021 featured the leaf as a musical instrument.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_players">Notable players</h2></div>

<ul><li><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herb_Patten" class="extiw external" title="de:Herb Patten">Herb Patten</a></li>

<li><a href="Levi_Celerio" title="Levi Celerio">Levi Celerio</a></li>

<li><a href="Sod%C5%8D_Yokoyama" title="Sodō Yokoyama">Sodō Yokoyama</a>, Japanese man known as the Leaf Flute Zen Master (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">草笛禅師</span></span>)</li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="Music_of_Cambodia" title="Music of Cambodia">Music of Cambodia</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2></div>

<ul><li>Ledgerwood, Judy., Mortland, Carol A.. Cambodian Culture Since 1975: Homeland and Exile. United States: Cornell University Press, 2018.</li>

<li>The Garland Handbook of Southeast Asian Music. N.p.: Taylor & Francis, 2011.</li>

<li>Mizerski, Jim. Cambodia Captured: Angkor's First Photographers in 1860's Colonial Intrigues. Portugal: Jamine Image Machine, 2016.</li>

<li>Trankell, Ing-Britt., Ovesen, Jan. Cambodians and Their Doctors: A Medical Anthropology of Colonial and Postcolonial Cambodia. Denmark: NIAS Press, 2010.</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite id="CITEREFChinary1978" class="citation AV-media-notes cs1">Chinary, Ung (1978). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://folkways.si.edu/cambodia-traditional-music-vol-1-instrumental-and-vocal-pieces/world/album/smithsonian"><i>Cambodia: Traditional Music, Vol. 1: Instrumental and Vocal Pieces</i></a> (Media notes). New York City: Smithsonian Folklways Recordings<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 November</span> 2018</span>. <q>[Website gives year released as 1975, but album cover is copyrighted 1978.] <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://folkways-media.si.edu/liner_notes/folkways/FW04081.pdf">Link to the liner notes.</a></q></cite> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{cite AV media notes}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">External link in <code class="cs1-code"><code class="cs1-code">|quote=</code></code> (help)</span></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-unesco-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-unesco_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-unesco_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-unesco_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-unesco_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-unesco_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFKheanDorivanLinaLenna" class="citation book cs1">Khean, Yun; Dorivan, Keo; Lina, Y; Lenna, Mao. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0013/001352/135257mb.pdf"><i>Traditional Musical Instruments of Cambodia</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Kingdom of Cambodia: United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. p. 137.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-gumlip-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gumlip_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gumlip_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gumlip_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFStone" class="citation audio-visual cs1">Stone, Aria (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D3przA4Mgf8"><i>Ossie Cruze: Aboriginal Elder Plays Gum Leaf</i></a> (Motion picture)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 November</span> 2018</span>. <q>Starring Ossie Cruze...[from YouTube page: Ossie Cruze: Aboriginal Elder plays a gum leaf at Jigamy Farm, South Coast, NSW, Australia.] [Ossie demonstrates how to play a leaf, playing a scale and then putting the notes together to play a song.]</q></cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREF장" class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">장, 사훈, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://encykorea.aks.ac.kr/Article/E0057040">"초적 (草笛)"</a>, <i>한국민족문화대백과사전 [Encyclopedia of Korean Culture]</i> (in Korean), Academy of Korean Studies<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 July</span> 2024</span></cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">2013

“Not Really a Musical Instrument?” Locating the Gumleaf as Acoustic Actant and Environmental Icon

Robin Ryan</span>

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<li id="cite_note-Birkenblattblasen-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Birkenblattblasen_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Birkenblattblasen_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musikkoffer-sachsen-anhalt.de/brauch/birkenblattblasen-im-harz/">"Birkenblattblasen im Harz – Musikkoffer Sachsen-Anhalt"</a> (in German)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 August</span> 2021</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-china-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-china_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-china_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-china_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-china_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040807121513/http://www.chinamedley.com:80/langyuan/muye/muye_lishi.shtml">"木叶的历史 [The history of wood leaves]"</a>. <i>chinamedley.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chinamedley.com:80/langyuan/muye/muye_lishi.shtml">the original</a> on 7 August 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 November</span> 2018</span>. <q><br><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030330150555/http://www.chinamedley.com:80/images/chatu/chuiye.gif">Picture of the sculpture of wood-leaf player from the tomb of Emperor Wang Jian</a></q></cite> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{cite web}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">External link in <code class="cs1-code"><code class="cs1-code">|quote=</code></code> (help)</span></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-treeleaflute-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-treeleaflute_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-treeleaflute_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-treeleaflute_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-treeleaflute_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gY9LRIn-qHA"><i>Flute with leaves Amazing Voice -Musical leaf by Khmer old man</i></a> (Motion picture)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 November</span> 2018</span>. <q>[From YouTube description. These are not all the name of the instrument; some (Whispering Hope, gospel duet) are the name of the song being played: 樹葉笛, musical leaf, 草笛, kusabue, 草琴, leaf, whistle, gospel duet, 木叶, 希望のささやき, 陳宏志, 微聲盼望, Whispering, Hope,leaflute. ]</q></cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Über das Birkenblattblasen im Harz, Landesheimatbund Sachsen-Anhalt e.V., Halle an der Saale 2010, ISBN 978-3-940744-10-4</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.makemusicday.org/national-projects/leaf-music/">Make Music 2021</a></span>

</li>

</ol></div></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gY9LRIn-qHA">Video, Cambodian slek.</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D3przA4Mgf8">Video, demo of how to play a leaf, Australia</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eoPPGuNmq6w">Video of a leaf being played as part of an orchestra, Washington D.C.</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PtR3KqVtI1A&t=9s&ab_channel=Leafophonist">Video, demo of 5 different leaves</a></li></ul>

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</style><div id="Traditional_Cambodian_musical_instruments197" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Traditional_Cambodian_musical_instruments" title="Traditional Cambodian musical instruments">Traditional Cambodian musical instruments</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Xylophone" title="Xylophone">Xylophones</a> or <a href="Roneat" title="Roneat">roneat</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Roneat_ek" title="Roneat ek">Roneat ek</a></li>

<li><a href="Roneat_thung" title="Roneat thung">Roneat thung</a></li>

<li><a href="Roneat_dek" title="Roneat dek">Roneat dek / roneat thong</a> (metallophone)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Gong_chime" title="Gong chime">Gong chimes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Gongs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Kong_chmol" title="Kong chmol">Kong chmol</a></li>

<li><a href="Khmuoh" title="Khmuoh">Khmuoh</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bells</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li>Kagn Chram</li>

<li>Kanderng</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Drums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Samphor" title="Samphor">Samphor</a></li>

<li>Skor timila ស្គរទីមីឡា (hourglass drum)</li>

<li><a href="Skor_chhaiyam" title="Skor chhaiyam">Skor chhaiyam</a></li>

<li><a href="Skor_daey" title="Skor daey">Skor daey</a> (skor arak or aaroksa, skor kar, skor toch, skar ayai)</li>

<li><a href="Thon_and_rammana" title="Thon and rammana">Thon and rammana</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fiddles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Tro_(instrument)" title="Tro (instrument)">Tro</a> (tro sau thom, tro sau toch, tro che, tro ou, tro ou chamhieng)</li>

<li><a href="Tro_Khmer" title="Tro Khmer">Tro Khmer</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Plucked: harps, zithers and lutes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Krapeu" class="mw-redirect" title="Krapeu">Krapeu</a></li>

<li><a href="Chapei_dong_veng" class="mw-redirect" title="Chapei dong veng">Chapei dong veng</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Flutes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Khloy" title="Khloy">Khloy</a> (khloy ek, khloy thom)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oboes and free reed pipes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Sralai" title="Sralai">Sralai</a> (Sralai toch, sralai thom)</li>

<li><a href="Angkuoch" title="Angkuoch">Angkuoch</a></li>

<li><a href="Sneng" title="Sneng">Sneng</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Horns and trumpets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Sneng" title="Sneng">Sneng</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Chhing" class="mw-redirect" title="Chhing">Chhing</a> (finger chimes)</li>

<li>Kyang Saing ខ្យងស័ង្ខ</li>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-07-07" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Musical_leaf&oldid=1299214245">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

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